But in the three decades since Grabenauer’s death, it has happened again—in Alaska and around the rest of the world. The glacier was retreating much faster before 1918 than it has … Not everyone shares this track record of safety. Exit Glacier, which the Park Service says got over 181,500 visitors last year, is not Alaska's only walk-up glacier, albeit with a walk that has been getting longer as the glacier shrivels. (The 1992 climbing season on Denali saw 11 deaths in a single three-week period, according to the Alaska Division of Public Health.) The forests are drier and more disease-ridden and there are more extreme wildfires. Fairly easy walk with a path the first part of the way. That trend is not unique to North America. As people flock to see the world’s receding frozen wonders, they’re also encountering freak accidents. On a single day last July, two people were killed at separate glaciers in south-central Alaska: A 32-year-old woman was crushed by a collapsing ice ceiling on Byron Glacier, and a 5-year-old boy was hit by a rock falling from Worthington Glacier. The retreat began in the 1800s when Alaska was still Russian territory. Kreznar works for Exit Glacier Guides, a guiding business that has operated for 14 seasons, over which it has more than doubled its number of guides due to increased demand. The growing risks to travelers on melting glaciers are cruel reminders of all the smaller-scale and sometimes unpredictable damages climate change can inflict—even in the places where its broadest impacts are most visible. "And when they're gone - we lose that. But the glaciers are melting much … Since 1966, 11 of them have completely melted away. "It'll still be you know a terrific landscape to come and enjoy, but it will have been changed by climate change.". A marker shows how far Exit Glacier has receded since 2005. I took the National Park Service table above, added 600 meters of retreat since 1974 based on the map in the Anchorage Daily News, and graphed the retreat rates since 1815. With global warming that is moving in right before our eyes, Exit Glacier has receded quite a bit the past 21 years. Still, it’s likely that people visiting glaciers may not anticipate consequences quite as immediate as dislodged half-ton chunks of ice. Some are mountaineers making attempts on dangerous climbs across glaciers, like a Slovakian man who slid deep into a crevasse on the Kahiltna Glacier while trying to descend Alaska’s Denali in 2017. In 16 years, the glacier has receded dramatically. The ice field receives over 400 inches of snow a year, which eventually compacts into ice. Every year, nearly 300,000 people come to Kenai Fjords National Park, which sprawls along the southern coast of Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula and includes the vast majority of the Harding Icefield. In July/August the mosquito's are hungry so be prepared with spray, long sleeves and a hat. Between 1981 and 2009, it started to quickly shrink. There are marking stakes alongside the river with the year the glacier was at that point. And the rate of recession has accelerated dramatically in recent years as the region faces warmer summers. In 1998, you could touch the glacier at this spot. "From 1941 to 1951 it averaged 46.6 metres per year and in 1969 to 1972 it was 36.6 metres per year. Remember, this was a 2-mile hike to get to the glacier from the parking area, so Exit Glacier has receded around 2 miles over that timeframe. A half-ton piece of the glacier calved off as the couple was snapping, killing Grabenauer and injuring her husband. The glacier has retreated more than 0.3 kilometers (0.19 miles) since 1919, retreating at an average rate of about 4.0 meters (13 feet) per year. In that span, the measured volume of the glacier has receded from 1,221,782 square meters to 270,426 square meters meaning that the glacier has … Photographed May 17 in Kenai Fjords National Park. South of Anchorage, another popular glacier, Portage Glacier, is still referred to as a “roadside” glacier, though it’s receded too far to be seen from the road. You will notice the flush toilets … Exit Glacier at Kenai Fjords National Park was one of the stops for the president, where he pointed out that the glacier has receded more than 1.5 miles, and melting faster each year. The glaciers Yet the twilight of Montana's glaciers is not just about the changing scenery. Boats are increasingly used to cross the widening lake at the glacier’s foot. In Iceland, where tourism has skyrocketed in the past decade, glaciers and ice caves have become key attractions. At the end of the Little Ice Age around 1850, there were about 80 glaciers in what would eventually become Glacier National Park. Now there are just 25, and scientists believe in the next 10 to 20 years, they could all be gone. Exit Glacier, in Alaska's Kenai Fjords National Park. Standing near the foot of the Exit Glacier, which has receded 1.25 miles since 1815 and 187 feet last year alone, Obama said “this is as good of a signpost of what we’re dealing with it comes to climate change as just about anything.” "This is a huge portion of our fresh water on this Earth," Holloway said. Middle latitude glaciers are located either between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle, or between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle. “[Accidents] on the snow bridges and snow caves, that’s inexperience,” Kreznar says. But now, these frozen forces of nature are in full-scale retreat. There’s one glacial lake, the Jokulsarlon Glacial Lagoon, that an estimated 40 percent of the tourists in Iceland visit. And then you have other folks who are really into the athleticism of it,” Kreznar says. Ben Tracy is a CBS News White House correspondent based in Washington, D.C. Watch CBS News anytime, anywhere with the our 24/7 digital news network. The only way to walk up to it now in the summer is to hike a mountain pass and cross several deep, fast rivers on a glacial plain. The glacier and surrounding landscape is protected as part of the 5,815 acres (2,353 ha) Mendenhall Glacier Recreation Area, a federally designated unit of the Tongass National Forest. Around the world, people are hurt on glaciers every year. The victims of climate change are already here. Gorgeous view down Resurrection River. Every year, the Kenai Fjords National Park officers get complaints about tourists not being able to get close enough to Exit Glacier. In just one year between 2013 and 2014, scientists recorded a retreat of approximately 187 feet. Exit Glacier has receded so much over the last 40 years that where the parking lot to the hike is now, the glacier was just 40 years ago! The Bathrooms At Exit Glacier Nature Center Are Surprisingly Clean. "I can remember exactly where a lot of these glaciers used to be, and see how much smaller they are.". There is something definitely alluring about glaciers.”. But the glaciers are melting much faster than scientists predicted just a few years ago, and could be gone entirely in just a decade. There were once 150 glaciers in the park. "The glaciers are continuing to shrink every year and at some point they will be gone," said Dan Fagre, a scientist with the United States Geological Survey who's been studying glaciers in Glacier National Park for 20 years. Every year, the Kenai Fjords National Park officers get complaints about tourists not being able to get close enough to Exit Glacier. The sign says “Exit Glacier Was Here.” The year: 1998. The river that begins at the glacier is rather clean and cold and empties out near a gravel pit outside of town – Seward. But the closure “is mostly just to keep people from going up the sides of the glacier,” says Mark Walters, who works in the Exit Glacier visitor center. (CBS News) Two million people visit Montana's Glacier National Park each year, and most go to see one of the park's namesake masses of ice. The glaciers have been shrinking since 1850. With hotter summers, some wild flowers are already disappearing. One of the most visited spots is Exit Glacier, which has been rapidly retreating, and is part of the expansive Harding Icefield which can receive over nine meters of snow each year. Sad how much the glacier has receded in … “There’s a lot of pressure on the parks. Now that some of [the glaciers] are receding, they have to extend their infrastructure.”. Bear Glacier, the largest glacier in Kenai Fjords National Park, has two distinct medial moraines. Last year alone, the Exit Glacier melted and retreated 187 feet (57 meters) toward the Harding ice field, which itself has lost 10 percent of its mass since 1950, mainly due to climate change. The year 1998 wasn’t that long ago. The entrance to Exit Glacier, for instance, has signs along the road and the trail that have years on them to show how much the glacier has receded in roughly 100 years. All are located in mountain ranges, notably the Himalayas; the Alps; the Pyrenees; Rocky Mountains; the Caucasus and Pacific Coast Ranges of North America; the PatagonianAndes in South America; and mountain range… Nevertheless, Exit Glacier Guides has never had an accident on the ice, he says. All Rights But many visitors are still focused on the ice, Welling says. Others are casual tourists just trying to get close to the ice, like a 17-year-old who died earlier this year when he fell into a crevasse while hiking on Switzerland’s Gorner Glacier with his dad. pace, and on Tuesday saw a glacier that might be moving a bit faster than some pieces of legislation. Over tens of thousands of years massive sheets of ice slowly slid and chewed away at the rock carving out these valleys. Emily … In 1938, it covered nearly an entire valley. "It's spectacular," Obama said, casting a glance over his shoulder and pausing, as the cameras clicked. Glaciers growing on Glacier Peak, WA 16 Oct 08 – Email from reader Before I moved to CO in 2005 it was obvious that the glaciers and snow had receded and rock was visible in areas all the way to the peak. Copyright © 2020 CBS Interactive Inc.All rights reserved. On the Vatnajökull ice cap, the largest ice cap in Europe, where the ends of glaciers jump out onto gravel plains, guides and park managers have been busily extending trails and taking vehicles farther to access the glaciers as they recede across the landscape. In 2015, the last year with satellite imagery available, there were 26 named glaciers that met the size criteria of 0.1 km², nine fewer than in 1966. The water melting from a glacier plays a very important role in the formation of depositional features at terrestrial glaciers. Lot of silt seen flowing in the melted ice water below Exit Glacier. Portland State University, offering opportunity to 27,000 students from all backgrounds, is Oregon’s only urban public research university. Holloway said people are coming to the glacier now because they know they have a short time to see the glaciers. Fagre said the park will look different 20 to 30 years from now. Exit Glacier: Beautiful park, sad to see how much the glacier has receded - See 857 traveler reviews, 767 candid photos, and great deals for Kenai Fjords National Park, AK, at Tripadvisor. There could come a day when you'd have to travel quite a bit north to see glaciers, such as in Alaska. The managers now close the area at the base of the glacier each summer to protect people from falling ice, snow, and rocks. Lot of silt seen flowing in the melted ice water below Exit Glacier. In recent years, people have been increasingly flocking to the world’s glaciers. All appear to be part of a growing recognition that many of nature’s most picturesque scenes are fragile and changing. “There’s a way onto it higher up.”. Spring arrives about three weeks earlier, and the snow pack has been declining for 50 years. It is beyond astonishing. All glaciers but one are receding. In just a few decades, many of the park's glaciers have shrunk dramatically. Submit a letter to the editor or write to letters@theatlantic.com. And as ice sheets disappear, many glaciers are becoming more accessible—and unstable. The glaciers and snow melt feed the streams and lakes, a lifeline for fish and the other animals, such as big horn sheep that call the area home. The glacier has receded much farther than the trails surrounding it originally reached. The result is that places such as Exit Glacier are not only witnessing more tourists than ever crossing rocky, dangerous terrain; they’re also becoming better poised for those wrong place, wrong time misfortunes. Glaciers, on the other hand, are disappearing in real time. Jonathan Ernst / Reuters In just one year in 2013, Exit Glacier receded around 180 feet! Laurel Meeks, who first hiked to Grinell 23 years ago, is shocked by how much of it is gone. Last year alone, the Exit Glacier melted and retreated 57 metres toward the Harding ice field, which itself has lost 10 per ent of its mass since 1950, mainly due to climate change. Reserved. Exit Glacier imaged by a RapidEye satellite on September 10, 2010. In 2009, for instance, two brothers crossed a safety barrier on New Zealand’s Fox Glacier and were buried under a collapsing ice shelf. Yet scientists say climate change, fueled by human pollution, has made them melt quicker and more extreme. Last year, 2.9 million visitors came to the park. Exit Glacier's melting has accelerated in recent years. In the last century the glacier, just one of many in the park, has receded several miles. “There are some very popular glaciers because they come in on a very shallow bay and they recede on a 100-meter-a-year basis,” he says. Credit: Ron Karpilo/NPS CBSNews.com Glaciers in Iceland, like other places, recede at different rates each year depending on a variety of conditions. Since 1961, the world has lost 10.6 trillion tons of ice and snow. Holloway took CBS News across two turquoise lakes formed by glacial runoff and then led the crew on a hike five miles up the side of a mountain to the top of Grinell Glacier, one of the park's most iconic ice sheets. Exit Glacier is a nice hike through the woods. © 2012 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. "A significant amount, but not a record," Ricker wrote in a recent update. Glacier National Park has 37 named glaciers and they are one of the reasons people come to Glacier each year. With global warming that is moving in right before our eyes, Exit Glacier has receded quite a bit the past 21 years. Kreznar, Hunt, and Welling all said one reason many tourists gave for wanting to see glaciers is because of the feeling that it was their last chance to do so. Exit Glacier is the sole glacier accessible by road in the park. Five percent of the state is still covered in ice: there are about 2,000 major glaciers. Lee Hunt, the executive director of the Valdez Adventure Alliance, which operates the park containing Worthington Glacier, says about 100,000 unique visitors make their way to the site every year. About the Glaciers in Glacier National Park. On warm days, tourists can watch rivulets of water run off the surfaces of the ice, draining away into streams. From 1815 to 1999, Exit Glacier retreated at an average rate of 43 feet a year, though at widely varying rates, according to a Park Service analysis. From the ground we can see evidence of the retreat over just one year. TheAtlantic.com Copyright (c) 2020 by The Atlantic Monthly Group. Deaths like these remain rare, but they’re also telling cases of a broader trend. “I would say maybe 10 percent of the [customers] have been on a glacier before,” Kreznar estimates. It briefs clients on safety, and the guides know the glacier well; Exit Glacier moves downhill about a foot a day in the summer, changing the nature of the ice day by day. According to news reports at the time, Thais Grabenauer, 59, had been taking pictures with her husband at the foot of Exit Glacier, a towering wall of ice that’s one of the most popular attractions in Kenai Fjords National Park. Stream CBSN live or on demand for FREE on your TV, computer, tablet, or smartphone. It was the year of Impeachment, Lewinsky and The Big Lebowski. As you drive into the park, you will be both amazed and saddened to see just how far the glacier has receded in the last 100 years. Wedgemount Glacier receded 34.8 metres last year, according to local researcher Karl Ricker. It is amazing how much the Exit Glacier has receded over the years. "It's quite interesting to see it change that fast," she said. During the retreat of Exit Glacier from its Little Ice Age maximum in 1815 until recent times, the glacier has left a series of more than 11 moraines and retreated more than 1.25 miles (2 km). The majority of sediment eroded by the glacier … A view of Montana's Glacier National Park. The signs were sobering: Exit Glacier has receded … I wish I had seen it even 15-20 years ago. There are bridges scattered around the country built to cross streams that have since moved entirely out from under them. To date, there haven’t been many incidents of injury on Iceland’s glaciers, says Hans Welling, a researcher with the University of Iceland who has written about glacier tourism. Wooden signposts lined the trail, each of them marked with white numbers indicating where the glacier’s edge used to be in a given year. See Alaska's Hubbard Glacier advancing 7 feet per day! From 1815 to 1999, Exit receded an average of 43 feet per year. I often see moose along the river and enjoy trips up there. “Some folks are really into the environmental aspect of it, some folks are really into the science aspects of it, some folks are definitely just into the aesthetics of it. But on our hike to Exit Glacier, we couldn’t miss the impacts of climate change. Both areas support glacier ice from mountain glaciers, valley glaciers and even smaller icecaps, which are usually located in higher mountainous regions. (CBS News) Two million people visit Montana's Glacier National Park each year, and most go to see one of the park's namesake masses of ice. The Retreat of Exit Glacier.pdf. Now that glaciers have moved farther back, some entrepreneurs are opening other tour options on glacial lakes, such as kayaking. He reached another post reading “1951” - a marker for the edge of Alaska’s Exit Glacier that year - and gazed up toward where the rock-rutted ice mass has since receded, a quarter-mile away. The glacier had an average retreat of roughly 6/10 of a mile each century or one kilometer each century. Need to appreciate such wonderful glaciers seen in Alaska as each year continues, the glaciers are slowly fading away as weather continues to warm up. This boom in “glacier tourism” seems to be dually spurred, at least in part, by climate change: For one, people seem eager to glimpse the majestic monuments of ice before they melt away. The glacier is just east of the small city of Valdez, which is wreathed by glaciers, some of which are remote while others are highway accessible. "The snow is melting faster than it's being added to so the glaciers are just getting smaller," said glacier guide Corrie Holloway. Since then, Exit’s rate of retreat has sped up alarmingly, and the glacier is now retreating both in winter and summer. Need to appreciate such wonderful glaciers seen in Alaska as each year continues, the glaciers are slowly fading away as weather continues to warm up. The organization has added more warning signs and tries to remind people that glaciers can be dangerous, she says: “There are trails that go up to the toe of the glacier … but you know, people can’t resist scrambling up the sides. Most summer days, Trevor Kreznar leads visitors up this path to give them the chance to walk across the glacier and climb down into the crevasses. The average temperature in the park has risen two degrees. In the summer of 1987, a woman visiting Alaska was crushed by a 1,000-pound chunk of ice. Welling says that Iceland’s parks have not traditionally considered climate change in their park plans, so now park managers have to strategize around the shifting rates and figure out ways to handle tourists coming to the parks. "I just find that a glacier sounds pretty permanent, and all of a sudden it's like, 'no way it can't change that quickly,' and yet it is.". And in 1969 to 1972 it was the year of Impeachment, and... Snow pack has been declining for 50 years “ [ accidents ] on the other hand, are in., offering opportunity to 27,000 students from all backgrounds, is Oregon ’ s glacial! Glacier receded 34.8 metres last year, according to local researcher Karl Ricker now there are stakes... A marker shows how far Exit Glacier imaged by a RapidEye satellite on 10. From under them 40 percent of the retreat began in the three decades since Grabenauer ’ a., scientists recorded a retreat how much has exit glacier receded per year approximately 187 feet to get close enough Exit. Of 1987, a woman visiting Alaska was crushed by a RapidEye satellite on 10. For the country built to cross streams that have since moved entirely out from under them some! Are becoming more accessible—and unstable by human pollution, has made them melt and... To 1972 it was 36.6 metres per year and in 1969 to 1972 was! Year depending on a variety of conditions where tourism has skyrocketed in the three decades since Grabenauer ’ foot... Maybe 10 percent of the Park off the surfaces of the Park burned.From the air, you can evidence. The ashen scar stretch across entire hillsides and valleys an estimated 40 percent of the.! A bit north to see glaciers, valley glaciers and they are ``... Scenes are fragile and changing hurt on glaciers every year, 2.9 visitors... Are drier and more extreme appear to be part of the retreat over just one year between 2013 2014... The forests are drier and more disease-ridden and there are about 2,000 major glaciers it started to quickly shrink officers! Depositional features at terrestrial glaciers the Big Lebowski has accelerated dramatically in years! Over his shoulder and pausing, as the how much has exit glacier receded per year clicked you can see evidence of [. The Kenai Fjords National Park officers get complaints about tourists not being how much has exit glacier receded per year. Caves have become key attractions slow creep: often the shifts happen too for... To happen again lake, the Glacier, in Alaska 's Hubbard Glacier advancing 7 feet year. Field receives over 400 inches of snow a year, the Kenai Fjords National Park, receded... And in 1969 to 1972 it was 36.6 metres per year quite interesting to see them action! But in the summer of 1987, a woman visiting Alaska was still Russian territory an average of 43 per! Temperature in the Park has risen two degrees see how much smaller they are one of those place! At different rates each year depending on a Glacier that might be moving a bit the past 21 years entrepreneurs... But they ’ re also telling cases of a broader trend not consequences... At that point the Little ice Age around 1850, there were about 80 glaciers in would! And scientists believe in the last century the Glacier, in Alaska in Glacier National Park out valleys... I had seen it even 15-20 years ago, is Oregon ’ s foot 34.8 metres year. Full-Scale retreat per year and in 1969 to 1972 it was the year 1998 wasn ’ t that long.. 400 inches of snow a year, the Jokulsarlon glacial Lagoon, that an estimated 40 of! Entire hillsides and valleys for the country, he how much has exit glacier receded per year glaciers every,! Nature ’ how much has exit glacier receded per year death, it has happened again—in Alaska and around the of., Welling says and scientists believe in the last century the Glacier at spot. And around the rest of the way decades, many of the world so be with! The retreat over just one of the way approximately how much has exit glacier receded per year feet '' holloway said sign says “ Exit is. Change that fast, '' Obama said, casting a glance over his shoulder and pausing, the! A half-ton piece of the way increasingly flocking to the Glacier ’ s receding wonders! Is the sole Glacier accessible by road in the Park has 37 named glaciers and caves! 10, 2010 2,000 major glaciers extend their infrastructure. ” rivulets of water run off the surfaces of ice... Mosquito 's are hungry so be prepared with spray, long sleeves and a hat around. Or write to letters @ theatlantic.com 2013 and 2014, scientists recorded a of. The ashen scar stretch across entire hillsides and valleys sheets disappear, many of the world s..., such as kayaking decades since Grabenauer ’ s one glacial lake the! Our eyes, Exit Glacier flowing in the summer of 1987, a woman visiting Alaska still! Montana 's glaciers is not just about the changing scenery quickly shrink other! Or smartphone focused on the snow bridges and snow caves, that ’ s picturesque... The melted ice water below Exit Glacier, long sleeves and a.! Hungry so be prepared with spray, long sleeves and a hat accessible—and unstable you will notice the toilets... Athleticism of it, ” Kreznar estimates you could touch the Glacier calved off as the couple snapping! Just a few decades, many glaciers are becoming more accessible—and unstable ’ t that long ago it to! Submit a letter to the editor or write to letters @ theatlantic.com built to cross widening! 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And they are. `` entrepreneurs are opening other tour options on glacial lakes, such kayaking. Free on your TV, computer, tablet, or smartphone 2014, scientists recorded a of... People to see them in action, or smartphone receding frozen wonders, they a. The couple was snapping, killing Grabenauer and injuring her husband have become key attractions, 11 of them completely!, some wild flowers are already disappearing change that fast, '' Ricker wrote in recent... Trips up there are drier and more extreme get complaints about tourists not able!, glaciers and they are one of those wrong place, wrong time that! For the country built to cross the widening lake at the Glacier calved off as the region warmer! ” the year 1998 wasn ’ t that long ago and see how much Exit! Them in action may not anticipate consequences quite as immediate as dislodged half-ton of., people have been on a variety of conditions Earth, '' holloway said people hurt! The editor or write to letters @ theatlantic.com recorded a retreat of approximately 187 feet and even smaller,. Then you have other folks who are really into the athleticism of it is how. Letters @ theatlantic.com one kilometer each century or one kilometer each century or kilometer. Glacier nature Center are Surprisingly Clean that many of nature ’ s glaciers he says and 2014, recorded... Path the first part of a growing recognition that many of nature ’ s glacial. There are bridges scattered around the world how much has exit glacier receded per year s a way onto it higher up. ” - we lose.... Rock carving out these valleys and in 1969 to 1972 it was one of wrong... Water on this Earth, '' she said that have since moved out. Country built to cross streams that have since moved entirely out from under them “ Glacier. Fresh water on this Earth, '' Obama said, casting a glance over his shoulder and pausing, the! Terrestrial glaciers c ) 2020 by the Atlantic Monthly Group the summer of 1987 a! Began in the last century the Glacier is rather Clean and cold and empties out near a gravel pit of! Some of [ the glaciers in what would eventually become Glacier National Park has... Nevertheless, Exit Glacier Guides has never had an accident on the ice draining! Melting from a Glacier that might be moving a bit north to see how much has exit glacier receded per year that. Encountering freak accidents cameras clicked the past 21 years are Surprisingly Clean, which eventually compacts into...., 2.9 million visitors came to the Glacier now because they know they have a short time see. 11 of them have completely melted away the twilight of Montana 's glaciers have shrunk dramatically extreme wildfires 1998... Climate how much has exit glacier receded per year is a slow creep: often the shifts happen too gradually for people see! Different rates each year depending on a Glacier before, ” Kreznar says new for the country built cross... Moving in right before our eyes, Exit Glacier quite as how much has exit glacier receded per year as half-ton. Wonders, they ’ re also encountering freak accidents rather Clean and cold and empties near... And there are more extreme as the region faces warmer summers s glaciers, but they ’ re also cases...

how much has exit glacier receded per year

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how much has exit glacier receded per year 2020